首次较为系统地通过体外实验初步探索了组织胶用量和血管直径、血流速度的关系,为临床估算组织胶用量提供理论依据。
目前,胃静脉曲张破裂出血内镜下组织胶用胶量估算仅靠临床经验,无相关公式可以应用,我们基于前期研究及组织胶注射后在管腔内呈现圆柱体的设想,对不同血管直径、血流速度下用胶量进行探索,从而分析血管直径、血流速度和用胶量之间的关系,最终形成用胶量估算公式应用于临床。
该研究初步证实了探索了不同直径、不同流速下用胶量的堵塞效果,研究结果初步提示:(1)通常经验用胶量为直径约 1.0 cm用胶量约为1 mL,但本研究中1 mL 用胶量仅能堵塞直径约1 cm(0.96cm)、血流速度为5 cm/s的血管,随着血管直径增加,用胶量明显增加,因此在临床中关注血管直径的同时,还要根据血流速度增大用胶量,此时经验用胶量单点注射达不到满意堵塞效果;(2)血管直径较大(>1.20 cm)、血流速度较快 (≥12 cm/s )时,组织胶在血管中形成胶柱时位移增加,这也增加了异位栓塞风险,因此,对于血流速度较快或者血管直径较大时,可尝试通过一定的限流措施降低目标血管压力, 减少用胶量的同时缩短胶柱的位移长度。
·论著·
“公式法”精确估算单点组织胶用量治疗胃静脉曲张的初步体外
实验研究
李贞娟 1卢曼曼 1全润钊 1李佳鑫 1王雪雁 1徐闪闪 1李修岭 1丁辉 1 令狐恩强 2
1. 河南省人民医院(郑州大学人民医院,河南大学临床医学院)消化内科,郑州 450003; 2. 中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心消化内科医学部,北京 100853
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn321463-20251225-00379
“公式法”精确估算单点组织胶用量治疗胃静脉曲张的初步体外实验研究.pdf
目的用体外实验的方法探索“公式法”精确估算组织胶用量对胃静脉曲张治疗的堵塞效果及胶柱形态,并对其影响因素进行分析。
方法使用蠕动泵控制流速模拟门静脉高压下胃静脉曲张的血流速度,选取直径分别为0.96、1.20、1.30、1.40 cm的聚四氟乙烯管模拟血管(部分实验在离体猪胸主动脉血管上进行),不同血流速度包括0、5、8、10、12、15 cm/s。根据等边圆柱体体积公式V=πr2h(r为曲张静脉半径,h=d为曲张静脉直径)及校正公式V=πr2H(H=d+n1/n2d,d为曲张静脉直径,n1/n2代表不同校正系数)计算用胶量,按照三明治法“50%葡萄糖注射液+组织胶+50%葡萄糖注射液”进行快速注射,观察血管内胶柱凝固情况并记录胶柱的长度、凝固程度及堵塞效果。
结果当血管直径为0.96、1.20、1.30、1.40 cm,血流速度分别为0、5、8、10、12、15 cm/s时,均探索出达到满意堵塞效果的单点用胶量。当血管直径为1.40 cm,血流速度分别为0、5、8、10、12、15 cm/s时,达到满意堵塞效果的单点用胶量分别达2.69、3.23、3.59、3.59、3.95、3.95 mL,对应胶柱长度最长达(17.8±2.3)cm。多因素分析显示,用胶量不变的情况下,随着血管直径(cm)(OR=0.025,95%CI:0.004~0.168,P<0.001)和血流速度(cm/s)(OR=0.495,95%CI:0.336~0.729,P<0.001)增加,堵塞效果下降;血管直径和血流速度不变的情况下,随着用胶量(mL)增加(OR=2.306,95%CI:1.512~3.516,P<0.001),血管堵塞效果提高。在控制血管直径、用胶量不变的情况下,血流速度的加快会使胶柱长度增加(r=0.640,P<0.001)。
结论随着血管直径或血流速度的增加,达到满意堵塞效果的单点用胶量呈大幅度增加趋势,经验用胶量可能达不到满意的堵塞效果;血流速度较快时,胶柱也较长,可能会增加异位栓塞发生的风险。
资料与方法
一、血流动力学模型
二、实验材料
三、实验过程
四、评价指标及定义
五、统计学处理
结 果
一、不同血管直径、不同血流速度下不同用胶量的胶柱形态
二、堵塞效果分析
三、胶柱长度分析
讨 论
作者贡献声明
利益冲突声明
附录
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A preliminary in vitro experimental study on the accurate estimation of single‑point tissue glue dosage using the "formula" for gastric variceal treatment
Li Zhenjuan 1Lu Manman 1Quan Runzhao 1Li Jiaxin 1Wang Xueyan 1Xu Shanshan 1Li Xiuling 1Ding Hui 1 Linghu Enqiang 2
1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
ObjectiveTo explore the occlusion effect and glue column morphology of tissue glue used for gastric variceal treatment in vitro via the "formula method" , and analyze its influencing factors.
MethodsA peristaltic pump was used to control flow velocity and simulate blood flow speed under portal hypertension conditions. Polytetrafluoroethylene tubes with diameters of 0.96, 1.20, 1.30, and 1.40 cm were selected to simulate blood vessels (some experiments were conducted on isolated pig thoracic aortic vessels), and different blood flow velocities (0, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15 cm/s) were applied. Based on the equilateral cylinder volume formula V=πr²h (r as the radius of the varicose vein, h=d as the diameter of the varicose vein) and its corrected formula V=πr²H (H=d+n₁/n₂d, d as the diameter of the varicose vein, n₁/n₂ representing different correction coefficients), injections were administered using the "sandwich method" (50% glucose injection + tissue glue + 50% glucose injection) in a rapid injection mode. The solidification of the glue column within the vessels was observed, and the length, solidification degree, and occlusion effect of the glue column were recorded.
ResultsWhen the diameter was 0.96, 1.20, 1.30 or 1.40 cm and the blood flow velocity ranged from 0 to 15 cm/s, the single-point tissue glue dosage required to achieve satisfactory occlusion effects was essentially determined. For diameter was 1.40 cm and velocity was 0, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15 cm/s, the single-point tissue glue dosages required to achieve satisfactory occlusion effects reached 2.69, 3.23, 3.59, 3.59, 3.95 and 3.95 mL, respectively, corresponding to maximum glue column lengths of 17.8±2.3 cm. Multivariate analysis indicated that with a constant tissue glue dosage, the occlusion effect decreased as the vessel diameter (cm)(OR=0.025, 95%CI: 0.004-0.168, P<0.001) and blood flow velocity (cm/s) (OR=0.495, 95%CI: 0.336-0.729, P<0.001) increased; under conditions where vascular diameter and blood flow velocity remain constant, the effectiveness of vascular occlusion improves with increasing tissue glue dosage (mL)(OR=2.306, 95%CI: 1.512-3.516, P<0.001). When vascular diameter and tissue glue dosage are controlled, an increase in blood flow velocity leads to a longer glue column (r=0.640, P<0.001).
ConclusionAs vascular diameter or blood flow velocity increases, the optimal single-point tissue glue dose rises substantially, and empirical glue usage may fail to achieve satisfactory occlusion effects. Higher flow velocity results in longer glue columns, potentially increasing embolic risk.
引用本文: 李贞娟, 卢曼曼, 全润钊, 等. “公式法”精确估算单点组织胶用量治疗胃静脉曲张的初步体外实验研究[J]. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2026, 43(8): 621-628. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn321463-20251225-00379.
通信作者:丁辉,Email:dinghui76sy@163.com
通信作者:令狐恩强,Email:linghuenqiang@vip.sina.com
基金信息: 河南省科技攻关项目(222102310149)
网刊发布日期:2026-09-01
本文编辑:朱悦 校对:周昊 审核:唐涌进

